Introduction to the Case Study Collection

The Cyber Trust
Part of the Family Internet Monitoring Project

This collection of case studies explores real-world news stories highlighting how children and young people can be placed at risk through their online activities.

The collection is drawn from real cases investigated by the Cyber Choices team at the National Crime Agency and stories reported in the press.

All of these cases could have been prevented had parents been able to monitor their child's online activity and intervene.



News Item Link Cyber Choices Link

Story:'KYS' Is The Concerning Acronym Every Parent Should Know About

Source: Huffington Post UK

 

 

This report describes an acronym that looks like slang but should concern any parent that sees it in communications between their child and someone else.

If you see the acronym KYS – or kys, as it’s usually written online, you might think it means 'keep your smile'. This is what some Tik-Tok users suggest it means. There is much more sinister meaning behind those three letters that parents should be aware of because it could highlight cyberbullying.

The acronym actually conveys the message "Kill Your Self" and once seen further investigation is required.  

This sort of message and the communications that accompany its use would be detected with effective monitoring of a child's device.

Read the full story here

 


 

Story:Children as young as 11 tempted to try betting after being ‘flooded’ by celebrity endorsement

Source: The Guardian

 

The Guadian reports on research undertaken by the charity GambleAware which states that young people in UK aged 11-17 said seeing a celebrity gambling or advertising it made them want to emulate them.

Whilst the current focus has been on pornography, radicalisation and crime there are other aspects of online life that children need to be aware of and guided on appropriate behaviour online. We all know that children want to explore and experience lots of things that look exciting or different or even a bit risky and monitoring can pick these behaviours up to allow gentle intervention to discuss the risks that they might face in the future if not immediately.

The newspaper reports that "the UK’s leading gambling charity, GambleAware, which commissioned the reports, urged regulators and policymakers to address social media accounts and influencers producing betting content on platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, TikTok and Twitch in light of the findings.

In one survey of 2,100 children aged 11-17, a quarter said seeing a celebrity gambling, or advertising it, had made them want to follow suit, rising to more than a third (36%) among boys aged 16-17."

 See the full story here.  

 


 


Story:Meta ads faces backlash over use of schoolgirls images as bait to target man

Source: The News (International)

 

 
 
Meta (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger, Threads) advertising faces backlash over use of schoolgirls images as bait to target men. 

the organisation sparked outrage after using images of underage schoolgirls mostly teens in advertisements for its Threads platform that were targeted specifically at a 37-year-old man, with parents condemning the practice as disgusting and exploitative.

Whilst this is not illegal as such it does set the tone for the way META thinks about its business model and seems prepared to use any tactic to further increase its user base. This linked with other stories in the press such as one of the stories in this blog entitled "Meta’s flirty AI chatbot invited a retiree to New York" demonstrate a corporate mindset that does not see how innapropriate such strategies are in a world that is growingly concerned about keeping children safe online.

See the full story here

 


 

 



Story:Shocking figures reveal 400 children every week are groomed online in UK

Source: The Mirror

 

Major tech companies including social media giants Snapchat and Facebook reported more than 9,600 cases of adults grooming kids in the UK in just six months last year.

The number, described as ‘shocking’ by children’s charity the NSPCC, amounts to around 400 per week. Law enforcement agencies, including the FBI and the UK’s National Crime Agency (NCA) have become increasingly worried about the growing threat from sextortion and other crimes targeting teenagers.

Grooming can begin online and groomers can often try to get the communications to move onto less well monitored systems or by creating accounts on encrypted forums. Once isolated the children targetted by these people can then be 'managed' to do whatever the groomer intends.

Read the full story here

Checking who children communicate online has been a major issue for years but it is reaching epidemic proportions. Hopefully the new Internet Safety Act will increase the vigilance of the tech companies and get them to report these incidents or prevent such communications from taking place.

This said, monitoring at home, by parents and others who know and understand  their children, will always be an important factor in keeping children safe online.

 



Report: 10 to 17 year olds represent around half of reported sexual abuse crimes in 2024


 


The National Crime Agency's 'National Strategic Assessment 2025 - Child Sexual Abuse' has a keen focus on the implications of AI on the ways that strategies used by perpetrators might develop. 

The report states  "Developments in technology continue to drive and enable more complex online child sexual abuse. This includes the manipulation of legal generative artificial intelligence tools to create child sexual abuse material which is illegal, shown with recent substantial convictions. 

The US National Center for Missing & Exploited Children is expected to have seen a significant rise in reports of child sexual abuse material or other sexually exploitative content related to generative artificial intelligence over the course of 2024. 

The use of generative artificial intelligence systems without safeguards to prevent the generation of indecent images of children will undermine law enforcement efforts to identify and safeguard victims."

The full report can be read here

A useful InfoGraphic provided as part of the report summarizes the AI technology in play and some of the implications of this technology on keeeping children safe.

Greater care will be needed by parents to attempt to understand what their children are doing online. We are promoting ways to observe their children's online behviour and step in when risks arise

 

 

 

 

Story:Man jailed for grooming and sexually abusing child

Source: Greater Manchester Police

 

 

The issue of grooming young girls and boys is known about by most people. The process of grooming, however, is less understood. Grooming often has taken a long time, somtimes a number of years, and the groomer may well be working on a number of contacts at the same time.

This story, from Manchester's safeguarding team, does not go into the detail of how the grooming process took place but the references to accessing data from phones and other digital devices makes it clear that online communcations played a significant part in the process.

Months or years of digital communications would leave a trail and had it been possible to monitor this traffic the grooming behaviour may have been detected sooner than it was.

The full story can be found here. 

 


 

Story:These teens turned their rooms into tech-free zones. This was the result

Source: BBC News

 

A group of teenagers from Bradford agreed to take all technology out of their bedrooms for five days to see how they would cope. The family was followed by BBC journalists who captured the experience of the family.

Other students at the school the families children attend are also taking part in the project and the results make interesting reading. The youngsters had been spending hours gaming or in social chats and the reduction in contact with technology had postitive impacts on sleep and inter family conversations.

The full story can be read here

The report also contains the results of a BBC survey which identified that a quarter of parents do not monitor or control screen times : 

In a survey of 2,224 13 to 18-year-olds, conducted for BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Bitesize, young people were asked about various aspects of life - including their smartphone habits, gaming and screen time.

The findings of the survey, external, carried out by polling company Survation, suggest:

  • More than a third (38%) of teenagers said they spent five or more hours on their phones on an average day.

  • 39% would consider taking tech and screens out of their bedrooms to reduce time spent on their devices

  • Other ways to minimise time on their devices include using in-built settings such as screen time caps (59%) or scheduling regular screen time breaks (66%)

  • 25% say their parents set clear limits on how much time they spend on tech, gaming or social media, while 47% say their parents sometimes set limits

  • However, more than a quarter (27%) say their parents don't set any limits

     


     

Story:Children hacking their own schools for 'fun', watchdog warns

Source: BBC News

 

Another news story regarding child hackers. There is an NCA case study on this site that refers to similar activites and the approach the police took to dealing with the situation. 

Children find many challenges fascinating and the passionate child computer user or coder, of which there are many, can find hacking the ultimate challenge.

This news story follows on from recent cyber attacks on M&S and Jaguar Landrover which investigations suggest teenagers might be involved. The story describes the recent report from The Information Commissioner's Office which reports a growing concern about teenage hackers. One observation reported by the Commissioner was that since 2022, the ICO has investigated 215 hacks and breaches originating from inside education settings and says 57% were carried out by children. 

The real concern must be how long have these young people been honing their skills and when did their activities begin? Parental scrutiny of their online activities could have shown up early interests in coding or searches for information about how to go about hacking online.

The full story can be read here.  

 


 

 

Story:Police reveal what the secret codes in your child's phone messages really mean

Source: MumsNet and others

 

This may have been an old story (March 2025) but it is totally relevent to anyone trying to monitor what their children are doing online. 

As we all know children may use slang or shortened words or abbreviations when communicating in text messages or other online communications. In most cases this may just be regarded as the 'cool' thing to do but in other cases it can indicate other more concerning behaviours or problems.

The CyberTrust Monitoring Project is fully aware that some communications will look totally innocent and may not trigger any thought of a child being at risk. It may also be that children are exploring their attitudes to topics of the day, such as drugs or eating disorders, and that's as far as it goes. This said, there will be occassions when the use of such language can be used to hide other activities or problems 

A child who refers to DoS could be disussing a Denial of Service attack on an organisation bringing dusruption to their online sales and marketing systems or someone mentioning CROW might be referring to Cannabis.

The article from Mum's Net provides a list of slang terms that police have recorded during their investigations and these are listed in the article. The same information is available across media but the MumsNet article is here

A number of dictionaries of such terms is also available online. These try to keep up with the changing nature of online communications. That site is here

 

 


 

 

Story:Child sex abuse victim begs Elon Musk to remove links to her images

Source: BBC News Investigations

 

We often tell children that they should be careful what they post online, whether it be images, videos or even text without being sure that it will not result in damaging responses.  

A victim of child sexual abuse has begged the platform X to prevent links offering images of her abuse being posted on his social media platform X.

The girl, now woman, commented  "Hearing that my abuse - and the abuse of so many others - is still being circulated and commodified here is infuriating," says "Zora" (not her real name) who lives in the United States and was first abused more than 20 years ago. 

"Every time someone sells or shares child abuse material, they directly fuel the original, horrific abuse."

The circulation or such damaging images can be triggered by the child themselves who are then contacted, groomed and forced to produce ever more images or videos which are ciculated for cash. In other situations children are contacted via games or other online commnunities and then gradually encouraged to continue communications via other means. They then are groomed to do the same sort of thing.

Read the full story here

 


 


Story:Teen Exposure to Self-Harm Content Despite Safeguards

Source: The Guardian

 


Social media platforms are still pushing depression, suicide and self-harm-related content to teenagers, despite new online safety laws intended to protect children.

 The Molly Rose Foundation conducted a disturbing experiment using simulated accounts of a 15-year-old girl on Instagram and TikTok. 

Even under the UK’s Online Safety Act, 97% of Instagram Reels and 96% of TikTok’s “For You” recommendations contained harmful content—more than half depicting self-harm or suicide methods. This highlights how algorithms continue to expose vulnerable teens to dangerous material.  

Read the full article here

 


 

Married lawyer gave Scots boy Roblox vouchers in return for explicit videos

Source: Scottish Sun

 


 

Gaming and private messaging are familiar to many youngsters who are attracted by the exitement of online games and after meeting people end up becoming 'friends' communicating outside the gaming platform.

This was certainly the situation when a married lawyer engaged with a vulnerable scottish teenager.  The communication between them led to the teen being groomed online and then pursuaded to record sexual videos of himself for which the teen would be sent codes to make purchases on the gaming platform.

Read the full story here.